Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test

Test Components

- 85 removable color caps

- Four separate trays

- Reference caps at each end of trays

- Standardized illumination source

- Scoring sheets or software

Physical Specifications

- Caps numbered 1-85

- Hue variations with constant value and chroma

- Munsell color system-based arrangement

- Standard illuminant: D65 (6500K)

Testing Procedure

Setup Requirements

1. Standard illumination (6500K)

2. Neutral gray background

3. Testing distance: 50cm

4. Proper room temperature (caps temperature-sensitive)

Administration Steps

1. Randomize caps within each tray

2. Patients arranges caps by color similarity

3. Time limit: 2 minutes per tray

4. Record cap arrangement sequence

5. Test both eyes separately if necessary

Scoring System

Manual Scoring

1. Calculate errors score for each cap

2. Sum total error score

3. Plot circumferential graph

4. Identify axes of confusion

Computerized Scoring

- Automated error calculation

- Statistical analysis

- Graphical representation

- Database comparison

Error Classifications

- Total Error Score (TES)

- Superior: 0-16

- Average: 20-100

- Low: >100

Result Interpretation

Normal Color Vision

- Low total error score

- No specific axis of confusion

- Even distribution of errors

Color Vision Deficiencies

1. Protan

- Red-green axis errors

- Specific pattern in red region

2. Deutan

- Red-green axis errors

- Specific pattern in green region

3. Tritan

- Blue-yellow axis errors

- Specific confusion pattern

Clinical Applications

Primary Uses

1. Detailed color vision assessment

2. Occupational screening

3. Disease monitoring

4. Research applications

Disease Monitoring

- Diabetic retinopathy

- Optic neuritis

- Glaucoma

- Toxic retinopathies

- Macular disorders

Advantages

- Comprehensive assessment

- High sensitivity

- Quantitative results

- Identifies specific deficiencies

Limitations

- Time-consuming

- Requires good illumination

- Patient fatigue factor

- Cost considerations

Special Considerations

Testing Environment

- Standardized lighting crucial

- Temperature control

- Clean, unmarked caps

- Regular calibration

Patient Factors

1. Age considerations

2. Fatigue effects

3. Learning curve

4. Cognitive ability

Quality Control

- Regular cap maintenance

- Illumination checks

- Temperature monitoring

- Software updates

Professional Applications

Clinical Practice

1. Baseline assessments

2. Disease progression

3. Treatment monitoring

4. Surgical outcomes

Occupational Testing

- Aviation industry

- Textile manufacturing

- Graphic design

- Quality control

- Military service

Documentation Requirements

Essential Records

1. Total error score

2. Pattern of errors

3. Axis of confusion

4. Testing conditions

5. Patient factors

Follow-up Protocol

- Regular interval testing

- Comparison with baseline

- Progress documentation

- Treatment adjustments

Conclusion

The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test remains the most comprehensive color vision assessment tool in orthoptic practice. Despite its time-intensive nature, it provides unparalleled detail in color discrimination assessment and specific deficiency identification, making it invaluable for both clinical and occupational applications.

Note : This document serves educational purposes exclusively and does not constitute medical advice or treatment guidelines